The heinous terrorist attack on innocent tourists in Baisaran, Pahalgam on 22 April 2025 shocked the entire country and aroused deep anger. The brutal targeted killings on the basis of identity were the height of cruelty. For the Indian Army and security forces, this was not just an incident; This was a call, justice had to be provided.
Within hours of the attack, Indian Army personnel reached the spot and began piecing together the sequence of events. Eyewitness accounts, including that of an army officer present at the scene, confirmed the involvement of three Pakistani terrorists. Based on human intelligence (HUMINT), technical input (TECHINT) and identification of survivors, the terrorists were identified as Suleman Shah, Hamza Afghani and Jibran Bhai, who were associated with Lashkar-e-Taiba.
After this began the most coordinated and lengthy counter-terror operation in recent times. Initial actions included sealing potential escape routes and preventing terrorists from exiting the valley. Dynamic intelligence assessment based on time-space-force analysis enabled security forces to rapidly change their tactics as per terrorist movements and expanded the scope of operations.
As intelligence developed, it became clear that the terrorists were moving from the upper reaches of South Kashmir—Hapatnar, Bugmar and Tral—towards the dense and inaccessible forests of Dachigam, around the Mahadev Ridge. This dense forest and high altitude area provided temporary shelter but also created huge obstacles to mobility for both the terrorists and the forces pursuing them.
Operation Mahadev
By the end of May the situation had become clear. The terrorists were trying to escape by taking advantage of the difficult terrain, while the potential dangers had also increased as the annual yatra approached. Considering the seriousness of the threat, the scope of the operation was increased and additional forces as well as Para (Special Forces) contingents were also included.
A sustained and multi-agency operation took place over the coming weeks. Excellent coordination was seen between the intelligence agencies, Indian Army, Jammu and Kashmir Police and Central Armed Police Forces. Initially spread over an area of more than 300 square kilometres, the operation was gradually narrowed down through constant surveillance, pursuit in difficult terrain and precise deployment.
Technology played a decisive role in this campaign. Drones, remotely piloted aircraft, electro-optical sensors and other advanced surveillance equipment were used extensively. Due to constant intelligence verification, pressure remained on the terrorists and their options became increasingly limited.
On July 10, 2025, based on the latest intelligence, Operation Mahadev reached the decisive phase. A large scale coordinated operation was carried out in Lidwas, Harwan and Dachigam areas. The deployment of troops was changed dynamically and all escape routes were systematically closed, thereby confining the terrorists to a limited area.
After a relentless pursuit of about 250 kilometers and an operation lasting 93 days, the operation area was reduced to only 25 square kilometres. On 28 July 2025, in a well-planned and precise operation, the Para (Special Forces) team reached the spot secretly by walking 3 kilometers in 10 hours in difficult terrain. Following this, in a swift and precise action all three terrorists were killed, and the culprits of the Baisaran massacre were brought to justice.
Operation Mahadev is a symbol of the Indian Army’s resolve, professional skill and unwavering commitment towards the security of the nation. It shows that with better coordination between intelligence agencies and security forces, advanced technology and strategic acumen, decisive results can be achieved even in the most difficult situations.
Above all, this campaign reinvigorated the public confidence and conveyed the message that those spreading terror would be pursued to the end and punished for their crimes.
SK Sharma is a content writer who writes on news, entertainment, and lifestyle topics. She has over four years of experience and is known for conveying information in simple and clear language.
